Question 231
A “green bond” is a type of financial instrument where the proceeds are used exclusively to finance:
- All forms of government infrastructure
- Projects with positive environmental or climate benefits
- The fossil fuel industry’s transition efforts
- Social welfare programs
Answer: Projects with positive environmental or climate benefits
Question 232
The “emissions gap” highlighted in UN reports refers to the difference between:
- The emissions of developed and developing countries
- The pledges countries have made to cut emissions and the cuts actually needed to meet global temperature targets
- The amount of carbon emitted and the amount absorbed by oceans
- The emissions from the industrial sector versus the transport sector
Answer: The pledges countries have made to cut emissions and the cuts actually needed to meet global temperature targets
Question 233
How can climate change negatively impact hydropower generation, a key energy source for Pakistan?
- By increasing the structural integrity of dams
- By altering river flows due to unreliable glacial melt and rainfall patterns
- By making water colder and denser
- By reducing electricity demand
Answer: By altering river flows due to unreliable glacial melt and rainfall patterns
Question 234
The carbon captured and stored by coastal ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes is known as:
- Green carbon
- Black carbon
- Blue carbon
- Terrestrial carbon
Answer: Blue carbon
Question 235
The increasing risk of devastating forest fires in Pakistan’s chir pine forests is strongly linked to what climate factors?
- Colder and wetter winters
- More frequent hailstorms
- Hotter, drier conditions and prolonged droughts
- Increased soil moisture
Answer: Hotter, drier conditions and prolonged droughts
Question 236
In international climate negotiations, the principle of “Loss and Damage” refers to:
- The economic losses of fossil fuel companies
- The cost of adapting to future climate change
- The unavoidable and irreversible impacts of climate change that occur despite mitigation and adaptation efforts
- The damage to infrastructure from poor construction
Answer: The unavoidable and irreversible impacts of climate change that occur despite mitigation and adaptation efforts
Question 237
Why does the severe air pollution and smog in cities like Lahore and Karachi often worsen during the winter months?
- Increased industrial activity
- More vehicles on the road
- A weather phenomenon called temperature inversion traps pollutants near the ground
- Less rainfall to wash pollutants away
Answer: A weather phenomenon called temperature inversion traps pollutants near the ground
Question 238
What is a primary barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in Pakistan?
- Lack of consumer demand
- Prohibition by the government
- High upfront cost and inadequate charging infrastructure
- Poor vehicle performance in hot climates
Answer: High upfront cost and inadequate charging infrastructure
Question 239
How can the process of soil degradation and desertification contribute to climate change?
- By increasing the soil’s ability to hold water
- By releasing large amounts of stored carbon from the soil into the atmosphere
- By reflecting more sunlight back into space
- By capturing excess nitrogen from the air
Answer: By releasing large amounts of stored carbon from the soil into the atmosphere
Question 240
What is the large-scale, interconnected system of ocean currents, driven by temperature and salinity differences, that plays a crucial role in regulating global climate?
- The Gulf Stream
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
- Thermohaline circulation (or Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation)
- The Indian Ocean Dipole
Answer: Thermohaline circulation (or Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation)
