Question 206
What is a “Nationally Determined Contribution” (NDC) under the Paris Agreement?
- A mandatory emissions target set by the UN
- A country’s voluntary climate action plan to reduce emissions and adapt
- A financial contribution to the Green Climate Fund
- A scientific report on national climate impacts
Answer: A country’s voluntary climate action plan to reduce emissions and adapt
Question 207
Ocean deoxygenation, a serious consequence of a warming climate, refers to:
- The reduction of salt content in the oceans
- The decrease in marine biodiversity
- The reduction of dissolved oxygen levels in seawater
- The process of oceans becoming more acidic
Answer: The reduction of dissolved oxygen levels in seawater
Question 208
What is the primary purpose of using complex climate models in atmospheric science?
- To control the weather
- To predict earthquakes
- To prove that climate change is not happening
- To project future climate scenarios based on different emission pathways
Answer: To project future climate scenarios based on different emission pathways
Question 209
Some energy and infrastructure projects under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) have raised environmental concerns primarily related to:
- Nuclear waste disposal
- Potential increases in carbon emissions
- Deforestation in coastal areas
- The use of banned pesticides
Answer: Potential increases in carbon emissions
Question 210
The concept of “virtual water” refers to:
- Desalinated seawater
- Artificially created rainfall
- The water embedded in the production of food and other commodities
- Bottled mineral water
Answer: The water embedded in the production of food and other commodities
Question 211
While the initial melting of Hindu Kush-Himalayan glaciers might temporarily increase river flows in Pakistan, what is the widely projected long-term outcome?
- Stabilization of water levels
- A significant decrease in water availability
- An increase in annual rainfall to compensate
- A switch to groundwater-fed rivers
Answer: A significant decrease in water availability
Question 212
A “just transition” in the context of climate action focuses on:
- Ensuring the shift to a green economy is fair, equitable, and inclusive for workers and communities
- Transitioning all energy production to nuclear power
- Rapidly shutting down all industries without support
- Focusing only on the most profitable green technologies
Answer: Ensuring the shift to a green economy is fair, equitable, and inclusive for workers and communities
Question 213
Mangrove forests, like those in the Indus Delta, are exceptionally effective at carbon sequestration because they:
- Have very tall canopies
- Grow extremely quickly in all climates
- Store vast amounts of “blue carbon” in their rich, deep soils
- Reflect a high amount of sunlight
Answer: Store vast amounts of “blue carbon” in their rich, deep soils
Question 214
The increased frequency of intense, short-duration rainfall in urban centers like Karachi and Lahore leads to severe flash floods, a problem exacerbated by:
- High levels of afforestation
- Efficient and modern drainage systems
- Poor urban planning and encroachment on natural waterways
- Low population density
Answer: Poor urban planning and encroachment on natural waterways
Question 215
What is the primary economic goal of implementing a carbon tax?
- To generate revenue for general government spending
- To make carbon-intensive fossil fuels more expensive, thereby discouraging their use
- To subsidize the fossil fuel industry
- To lower the price of consumer goods
Answer: To make carbon-intensive fossil fuels more expensive, thereby discouraging their use
